Arbutin
Renowned for its skin-brightening effects, arbutin helps balance melanin production and even out pigmentation patterns, serving as a safe and effective alternative to hydroquinone.
Tranexamic Acid (3%)
This brightening agent acts as an alternative to hydroquinone for addressing dark spots and discoloration, helping to regulate both melanin production and transfer.
Tetrahexyldecyl (THO) Ascorbate
This stabilized form of Vitamin C protects healthy cells from recurrence by shielding them from UV and environmental oxidation and inflammation.
Niacinamide (5%)
As one of the two primary forms of Vitamin B3, niacinamide supports the production of NADH and NADPH, co-enzymes essential for various metabolic processes. A randomized controlled study showed that a 4% niacinamide gel improved acne in 82% of patients after 8 weeks, suggesting its anti-inflammatory properties may benefit acne treatment. Additionally, it has been linked to reduced fine lines and wrinkles.
Kojic Acid Dipalmitate (2%)
A tyrosinase inhibitor that may also reduce UV-induced inflammation, kojic acid is believed to support wound healing. Derived from mushrooms, it has long been used as a skin brightener and is a safe alternative to hydroquinone.
Glycolic Acid (3%)
This ingredient dissolves the intercellular bonds responsible for abnormal keratinization, making it particularly beneficial for acne-prone skin. Glycolic acid helps unclog pores filled with keratinized dead cells while promoting the penetration of nourishing ingredients. Its stimulating effects improve circulation, smooth uneven skin, and enhance overall skin function, as well as improve the appearance of surface hyperpigmentation often associated with acne-prone skin.
